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- ADN -- (Advanced Digital Network)
-
Usually refers to a 56Kbps leased-line.
See also: Leased
Line
- ADSL -- (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line)
-
A DSL line where the upload speed is different from
the download speed. Usually the download speed is much
greater.
See also: DSL , SDSL
- Anonymous
FTP
-
See
also: FTP
- Applet
-
A small Java program that can be embedded in an HTML page.
Applets differ from full-fledged Java applications in that
they are not allowed to access certain resources on the
local computer, such as files and serial devices (modems,
printers, etc.), and are prohibited from communicating
with most other computers across a network. The common
rule is that an applet can only make an Internet connection
to the computer from which the applet was sent.
See also: HTML , Java
- Archie
-
A tool (software) for finding files stored on anonymous
FTP sites. You need to know the exact file name or
a substring of it. By 1999 Archie had been almost
completely replaced by web-based search engines.
Back when FTP was the main way people moved files
over the Internet archie was quite popular.
See also: FTP
- ARPANet --
(Advanced
Research
Projects
Agency
Network)
-
The precursor to the Internet. Developed in the
late 60's and early 70's by the US Department of Defense
as an experiment in wide-area-networking to connect together
computers that were each running different system so that
people at one location could use computing resources from
another location.
See also: Internet
(Upper case I) , Network , WAN
- ASCII (American
Standard
Code
for
Information
Interchange)
-
This is the defacto world-wide standard for the code numbers
used by computers to represent all the upper and lower-case
Latin letters, numbers, punctuation, etc. There are 128
standard ASCII codes each of which can be represented by
a 7 digit binary number: 0000000 through 1111111.
-
- Backbone
-
A high-speed line or series of connections that forms a
major pathway within a network. The term is relative as
a backbone in a small network will likely be much
smaller than many non-backbone lines in a large network.
See also: Network
- Bandwidth
-
How much stuff you can send through a connection. Usually
measured in bits-per-second. A full page of English text
is about 16,000 bits. A fast modem can move about 57,000
bits in one second. Full-motion full-screen video would
require roughly 10,000,000 bits-per-second, depending on
compression.
See also: Bit , bps , T-1
- Baud
-
In common usage the baud rate of a modem is how
many bitsit can send or receive per second. Technically,
baud is the number of times per second that the carrier
signal shifts value - for example a 1200 bit-per-second
modem actually runs at 300 baud, but it moves 4 bits per
baud (4 x 300= 1200 bits per second).
See also: Bit , Modem
- BBS --
(Bulletin
Board
System)
-
A computerized meeting and announcement system that allows
people to carry on discussions, upload and download files,
and make announcements without the people being connected
to the computer at the same time. In the early 1990's there
were many thousands (millions?) of BBS?s around the world,
most are very small, running on a single IBM clone PC with
1 or 2 phone lines. Some are very large and the line between
a BBS and a system like AOL gets crossed at some point,
but it is not clearly drawn.
- Binary
-
Information consisting entirely of ones and zeros. Also,
commonly used to refer to files that are not simply text
files, e.g. images.
See also: MIME , UUENCODE
- Binhex --
(BINary
HEXadecimal)
-
A method for converting non-text files (non-ASCII) into ASCII.
This is needed because Internet e-mail can only handle
ASCII.
See also: ASCII , MIME , UUENCODE
- Bit (Binary
DigIT)
-
A single digit number in base-2, in other words, either
a 1 or a zero. The smallest unit of computerized data. Bandwidthis
usually measured in bits-per-second.
See also: Bandwidth , Bit , bps , Byte , Kilobyte , Megabyte
- BITNET --
(Because
It's
Time
NETwork (or
Because
It's
There NETwork))
-
A network of educational sites separate from the
Internet, but e-mail is freely exchanged between BITNET and
the Internet. Listservs®, a popular form of e-mail
discussion groups, originated on BITNET. At its peak (the
late 1980's and early 1990's) BITNET machines were usually
mainframes, often running IBM's MVS operating system. BITNET
is probably the only international network that is shrinking.
See also: Internet
(Upper case I) , Listserv
® , Network
- Blog (weB
LOG)
-
A blog is basically a journal that is available on the web.
The activity of updating a blog is "blogging" and
someone who keeps a blog is a "blogger." Blogs
are typically updated daily using software that allows
people with little or no technical background to update
and maintain the blog.
Postings on a blog are almost always arranged in cronological
order with the most recent additions featured most prominantly.
- bps (Bits-Per-Second)
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